16 Native Trees to Grow in Washington This Fall

Washington State is home to some of the most beautiful and diverse native trees in North America. From towering evergreen forests in the Cascade Mountains to colorful deciduous trees along rivers and valleys, Washington offers an incredible variety of trees that thrive in the Pacific Northwest climate.

Fall is an excellent time to plant many native trees in Washington. Cooler temperatures, increased rainfall, and reduced evaporation help newly planted trees establish strong root systems before spring arrives. Whether you're looking to add shade, attract wildlife, create privacy, or introduce beautiful fall colors to your landscape, native trees are a great choice.

Growing native trees from seeds can also be a rewarding and affordable way to establish a natural landscape. Many Washington native tree seeds benefit from exposure to cold winter temperatures, making fall an ideal time to begin the growing process.

Here are 16 native trees to consider growing in Washington this fall.

1. Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)

The Douglas Fir is one of Washington's most recognizable native trees. This magnificent evergreen can reach heights of 70 to 250 feet, depending on growing conditions, and is commonly found throughout western Washington and portions of eastern Washington.

Douglas Fir trees have soft, flat green needles and distinctive cones with three-pointed bracts extending between their scales. Their towering appearance makes them a beautiful addition to large properties, woodland landscapes, and reforestation projects.

Growing Information:

• Mature Height: 70–250 feet

• Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade

• Soil: Well-drained, slightly acidic soil

• Growing Zones: USDA Zones 4–7, depending on seed source

• Fall Planting: Seeds can be planted outdoors in fall for natural cold stratification.

Douglas Fir seeds commonly benefit from approximately 3–6 weeks of cold, moist stratification before spring germination.

2. Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata)

Western Red Cedar is a magnificent evergreen native to the moist forests of western Washington. Known for its fragrant foliage, reddish-brown bark, and impressive longevity, this tree has been an important part of Pacific Northwest ecosystems for centuries.

Its dense evergreen branches provide excellent shelter for birds and other wildlife. Western Red Cedar is particularly attractive in woodland gardens, large landscapes, and natural privacy screens.

Growing Information:

• Mature Height: 50–150 feet

• Sunlight: Partial shade to full sun

• Soil: Moist, well-drained soil

• Growing Zones: USDA Zones 5–8

• Fall Planting: Sow seeds outdoors in fall or provide cold, moist stratification before spring planting.

Western Red Cedar prefers consistent moisture, particularly during its early growing years.

3. Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla)

Western Hemlock is Washington's official state tree and one of the most common evergreens in the state's coastal and mountain forests.

This graceful evergreen features short, soft needles, delicate drooping branches, and small brown cones. It thrives in the cool, moist conditions found throughout western Washington.

Western Hemlock is especially valuable for creating natural woodland landscapes and providing year-round wildlife habitat.

Growing Information:

• Mature Height: 100–200 feet

• Sunlight: Partial shade to full shade when young

• Soil: Moist, acidic, well-drained soil

• Growing Zones: USDA Zones 6–8

• Fall Planting: Fall sowing can provide the cool, moist conditions needed for germination.

Western Hemlock seedlings prefer protection from intense sunlight and drying winds.

4. Bigleaf Maple (Acer macrophyllum)

Bigleaf Maple is one of the most spectacular native deciduous trees in western Washington. Its enormous leaves can measure 12 inches or more across, creating an impressive canopy during the growing season.

During fall, Bigleaf Maple leaves turn beautiful shades of golden yellow, making this tree a wonderful addition to larger landscapes.

Its spreading branches also support mosses, lichens, and other organisms commonly found in Pacific Northwest forests.

Growing Information:

• Mature Height: 50–100 feet

• Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade

• Soil: Moist, well-drained soil

• Growing Zones: USDA Zones 5–9

• Fall Planting: Plant fresh seeds outdoors in fall to allow natural winter stratification.

Bigleaf Maple grows relatively quickly under favorable conditions and provides excellent summer shade.

5. Pacific Madrone (Arbutus menziesii)

Pacific Madrone is one of Washington's most distinctive native broadleaf evergreen trees. Its smooth reddish-orange bark naturally peels away to reveal beautiful lighter-colored layers underneath.

The tree produces clusters of small white flowers in spring, followed by bright red-orange berries that attract birds and wildlife.

Pacific Madrone is particularly well suited to sunny, well-drained locations in western Washington.

Growing Information:

• Mature Height: 20–80 feet

• Sunlight: Full sun

• Soil: Well-drained, relatively dry soil

• Growing Zones: USDA Zones 7–9

• Fall Planting: Seeds can be sown outdoors in fall for natural winter chilling.

Pacific Madrone does not tolerate poorly drained soil and can be difficult to transplant once established. Growing it directly in a suitable location is often beneficial.

6. Red Alder (Alnus rubra)

Red Alder is a fast-growing native deciduous tree commonly found throughout western Washington.

This tree is especially valuable for restoring disturbed landscapes because its roots support nitrogen-fixing bacteria that help improve soil fertility.

Red Alder produces small woody cones and rounded green leaves that typically turn yellowish-brown before falling.

Growing Information:

• Mature Height: 40–100 feet

• Sunlight: Full sun

• Soil: Moist soil with good drainage

• Growing Zones: USDA Zones 5–8

• Fall Planting: Seeds may be sown in fall, with germination occurring when temperatures become favorable.

Red Alder is an excellent choice for natural restoration projects, streamside planting, and wildlife habitat.

7. Vine Maple (Acer circinatum)

Vine Maple is one of the best native trees for adding brilliant fall color to Washington landscapes.

This smaller tree often develops multiple trunks and graceful, spreading branches. During autumn, its leaves turn striking shades of orange, red, and yellow.

Vine Maple naturally grows beneath taller forest trees, making it ideal for woodland gardens and partially shaded areas.

Growing Information:

• Mature Height: 10–25 feet

• Sunlight: Partial shade to full sun with adequate moisture

• Soil: Moist, well-drained soil

• Growing Zones: USDA Zones 5–8

• Fall Planting: Sow seeds outdoors in fall to begin the natural stratification process.

Vine Maple seeds can have complex dormancy requirements and may take more than one growing season to germinate.

8. Pacific Dogwood (Cornus nuttallii)

Pacific Dogwood is a beautiful flowering tree native to western Washington.

During spring, this tree produces showy white bracts surrounding clusters of small flowers. Its foliage turns attractive shades of red, orange, and purple during autumn.

Pacific Dogwood makes an excellent ornamental tree for woodland landscapes where it receives protection from intense afternoon sunlight.

Growing Information:

• Mature Height: 20–60 feet

• Sunlight: Partial shade

• Soil: Moist, acidic, well-drained soil

• Growing Zones: USDA Zones 7–9

• Fall Planting: Fresh seeds can be planted outdoors in fall.

Pacific Dogwood seeds often require warm and cold stratification periods, and germination may be delayed until the second spring.

9. Black Cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa)

Black Cottonwood is one of the fastest-growing native trees in Washington and is frequently found along rivers, streams, and wetlands.

This impressive deciduous tree develops a tall trunk, broad crown, and large green leaves that turn yellow during fall.

Black Cottonwood provides important habitat for birds, insects, and other wildlife.

Growing Information:

• Mature Height: 60–150 feet

• Sunlight: Full sun

• Soil: Moist to wet soil

• Growing Zones: USDA Zones 3–9

• Fall Planting: Fall is suitable for planting dormant nursery-grown trees, but fresh seeds are best sown shortly after their late-spring release.

Unlike many other native tree species, Black Cottonwood seeds are short-lived and generally do not require cold stratification.

10. Oregon White Oak (Quercus garryana)

Oregon White Oak, also known as Garry Oak, is an important native oak species found in portions of western Washington, particularly around the Puget Sound region.

This attractive deciduous tree develops a broad, spreading crown and deeply lobed leaves that turn yellowish-brown during fall.

Its acorns provide an important food source for birds, squirrels, and other wildlife.

Growing Information:

• Mature Height: 40–80 feet

• Sunlight: Full sun

• Soil: Well-drained soil

• Growing Zones: USDA Zones 6–9

• Fall Planting: Plant freshly collected acorns outdoors in fall.

Oregon White Oak develops a deep root system and becomes relatively drought tolerant once established.

11. Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa)

Ponderosa Pine is one of the most recognizable native evergreen trees in eastern Washington.

This beautiful pine is known for its long green needles, large cones, and distinctive orange-brown bark. Mature trees often develop a pleasant vanilla-like fragrance in their bark.

Ponderosa Pine thrives in sunny locations and tolerates the drier growing conditions found east of the Cascade Mountains.

Growing Information:

• Mature Height: 60–150 feet

• Sunlight: Full sun

• Soil: Well-drained, sandy or loamy soil

• Growing Zones: USDA Zones 3–7

• Fall Planting: Seeds can be sown outdoors in fall for natural winter stratification.

Ponderosa Pine is an excellent choice for large properties, natural landscapes, and dry woodland restoration projects.

12. Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides)

Quaking Aspen is a beautiful deciduous tree native to portions of eastern Washington and higher-elevation regions.

Its rounded leaves flutter in even the slightest breeze, creating the shimmering movement that gives this tree its name.

During fall, Quaking Aspen produces brilliant golden-yellow foliage that creates a stunning contrast against evergreen forests.

Growing Information:

• Mature Height: 30–80 feet

• Sunlight: Full sun

• Soil: Moist, well-drained soil

• Growing Zones: USDA Zones 1–7

• Fall Planting: Fall is suitable for planting dormant trees, but fresh seeds are generally best sown immediately after spring or early-summer collection.

Quaking Aspen seeds are extremely small and short-lived. They typically require light and consistent moisture for successful germination.

13. Western Larch (Larix occidentalis)

Western Larch is one of the most fascinating native conifers in eastern Washington.

Unlike most conifers, Western Larch loses its needles every autumn. Before dropping, its soft green needles turn brilliant golden yellow, creating spectacular fall scenery.

This tree grows naturally in mountainous regions and is particularly attractive when planted among evergreen conifers.

Growing Information:

• Mature Height: 100–180 feet

• Sunlight: Full sun

• Soil: Well-drained soil

• Growing Zones: USDA Zones 3–6

• Fall Planting: Seeds can be planted outdoors in fall to experience natural winter chilling.

Western Larch requires plenty of sunlight and is best suited to large properties with suitable cool-climate growing conditions.

14. Grand Fir (Abies grandis)

Grand Fir is a beautiful native evergreen found in western Washington and parts of eastern Washington.

Its glossy, flat needles are arranged along the branches in a distinctive pattern, and the foliage produces a pleasant citrus-like fragrance when crushed.

Grand Fir grows into a tall, symmetrical tree that provides excellent year-round greenery.

Growing Information:

• Mature Height: 100–200 feet

• Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade

• Soil: Moist, well-drained soil

• Growing Zones: USDA Zones 5–7

• Fall Planting: Sow seeds outdoors in fall or provide cold, moist stratification before spring sowing.

Grand Fir grows best in locations with adequate moisture and protection from prolonged drought.

15. Pacific Willow (Salix lasiandra)

Pacific Willow, also called Pacific Willow or Western Black Willow, is a native deciduous tree commonly found along streams, rivers, and wetland edges throughout Washington.

Its long, narrow leaves and graceful branches make it an attractive choice for naturalized landscapes.

Pacific Willow also provides valuable habitat for birds and pollinating insects, particularly during the early growing season.

Growing Information:

• Mature Height: 20–60 feet

• Sunlight: Full sun

• Soil: Moist to wet soil

• Growing Zones: Approximately USDA Zones 5–9

• Fall Planting: Dormant cuttings can be planted in suitable moist soil during fall or winter. Seeds are best sown fresh when released.

Pacific Willow grows quickly and is especially useful for streambank restoration and erosion control.

16. Bitter Cherry (Prunus emarginata)

Bitter Cherry is a native deciduous tree found throughout many forested areas of Washington.

This small to medium-sized tree produces clusters of delicate white flowers during spring, followed by small red cherries that are enjoyed by birds and other wildlife.

Its leaves turn yellow to reddish-orange during autumn, adding seasonal color to woodland landscapes.

Growing Information:

• Mature Height: 20–50 feet

• Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade

• Soil: Well-drained soil

• Growing Zones: Approximately USDA Zones 5–8

• Fall Planting: Fresh seeds can be planted outdoors in fall to begin natural dormancy-breaking conditions.

Bitter Cherry seeds often require warm and cold stratification, and germination can take more than one season.

Why Fall Is a Great Time to Plant Native Trees in Washington

Fall offers several advantages for establishing native trees throughout Washington, particularly in regions with mild, rainy autumn weather.

Cooler Temperatures: Lower temperatures reduce heat stress and moisture loss, helping newly planted trees establish roots.

Increased Rainfall: Western Washington typically receives more precipitation during fall, reducing the need for frequent watering.

Natural Seed Stratification: Many native tree seeds require exposure to cold, moist conditions before they can germinate. Planting in fall allows winter weather to provide this treatment naturally.

Less Competition From Weeds: As temperatures decline, many annual weeds slow their growth, giving newly planted trees a better opportunity to become established.

Strong Spring Growth: Trees planted successfully during fall may begin the following growing season with a more developed root system.

However, fall planting conditions vary significantly across Washington. Eastern Washington often experiences colder winters, drier soils, and earlier ground freezing than western Washington.

How to Grow Native Washington Trees From Seeds

Growing native trees from seeds is an affordable way to establish a woodland garden, restore natural habitat, or create a landscape filled with native species.

Here are several important steps to follow.

1. Choose Trees Suited to Your Region

Washington contains several different climate regions, including the moist Pacific coast, the Cascade Mountains, and the drier interior valleys of eastern Washington.

Choose native tree species that naturally grow in conditions similar to your planting location.

For example, Western Red Cedar generally prefers moist conditions, while Ponderosa Pine is better suited to sunny, well-drained locations.

2. Prepare Your Seeds

Some native tree seeds require cold stratification before germination.

Cold stratification involves exposing seeds to cool, moist conditions for a specific period to help overcome dormancy.

Many conifer seeds benefit from several weeks of cold stratification, while certain deciduous trees may require longer or more complex treatments.

Always research the germination requirements of the particular species you intend to grow.

3. Select a Suitable Growing Medium

Most native tree seeds grow best in a loose, well-drained seed-starting medium.

A mixture containing coco coir, perlite, and other appropriate seed-starting materials can provide a good balance of moisture retention and drainage.

Avoid heavy garden soil that becomes compacted or waterlogged.

4. Plant Seeds at the Correct Depth

Seed planting depth varies by species.

Small seeds often require very shallow planting or exposure to light, while larger seeds and acorns may need to be covered more deeply.

Planting seeds too deeply can prevent successful germination.

5. Maintain Proper Moisture

Keep the growing medium consistently moist without allowing it to become saturated.

Seeds that dry out during germination may fail to sprout, while excessively wet conditions can encourage fungal growth and seed rot.

6. Protect Young Seedlings

Young native tree seedlings can be vulnerable to rodents, birds, deer, drying winds, and extreme temperatures.

Protect seedlings with appropriate fencing, tree guards, or sheltered growing locations.

Once seedlings develop strong root systems, gradually acclimate them to outdoor conditions before transplanting.

Best Native Washington Trees for Fall Color

If your primary goal is to create a landscape filled with colorful autumn foliage, several Washington native trees are especially attractive.

Vine Maple: Produces brilliant red, orange, and yellow foliage during fall.

Bigleaf Maple: Displays large golden-yellow leaves that brighten woodland landscapes.

Quaking Aspen: Creates spectacular displays of shimmering golden foliage.

Western Larch: Turns bright golden yellow before dropping its needles.

Bitter Cherry: Offers attractive yellow, orange, and reddish fall colors.

Planting a combination of these species can create a beautiful landscape with varying leaf shapes, tree heights, and seasonal colors.

Best Native Washington Trees for Wildlife

Native trees provide essential food, shelter, and nesting habitat for many wildlife species.

Oregon White Oak produces acorns that support birds and mammals. Bitter Cherry provides fruit for wildlife, while Black Cottonwood and Pacific Willow support numerous insects and bird species.

Douglas Fir, Western Hemlock, and Western Red Cedar offer valuable evergreen cover throughout the year.

By planting several different native species, you can create a more diverse and wildlife-friendly landscape.

Choosing the Right Native Trees for Western and Eastern Washington

Washington's climate varies dramatically from west to east, making regional tree selection especially important.

Western Washington

Western Washington generally experiences mild, wet winters and relatively dry summers.

Native trees commonly suited to appropriate locations in this region include:

• Douglas Fir

• Western Red Cedar

• Western Hemlock

• Bigleaf Maple

• Vine Maple

• Pacific Madrone

• Red Alder

• Pacific Dogwood

• Oregon White Oak

These trees offer a combination of evergreen foliage, beautiful fall colors, and important wildlife benefits.

Eastern Washington

Eastern Washington generally has colder winters, hotter summers, and less annual precipitation.

Native trees suited to appropriate eastern Washington habitats include:

• Ponderosa Pine

• Western Larch

• Quaking Aspen

• Douglas Fir

• Grand Fir

• Black Cottonwood

• Pacific Willow

Some of these species require mountain, streamside, or other moist habitats and are not suitable for every dry eastern Washington property.

Matching each tree to its natural growing conditions is essential for long-term success.

Final Thoughts

Washington is home to an incredible variety of native trees, from towering Douglas Firs and Western Red Cedars to colorful Vine Maples, Quaking Aspens, and Western Larches.

Fall is an excellent season to begin growing many of these species, whether you're planting established young trees or starting native trees from seeds.

By choosing species suited to your local climate, preparing seeds properly, and providing the right growing conditions, you can establish beautiful native trees that benefit your landscape for generations.

Whether your goal is to create shade, restore a woodland, attract wildlife, or enjoy spectacular autumn colors, these 16 native Washington trees offer plenty of possibilities.

Start planting native trees this fall and enjoy the beauty of Washington's natural forests in your own backyard!